Suchergebnisse

O artigo 62 da Constituicao brasileira de 1988 permite que o chefe do executivo edite medidas provisorias com forca de lei em casos de relevancia e urgencia. Assim, os autores procuram examinar se, desta forma, o legislativo delegou poderes ao executivo ou deles abdicou. Recuperam-se as discussoes sobre a materia ao longo dos trabalhos constituintes, sua posterior regulamentacao e propostas de mudanca atualmente em tramitacao. Analisam-se, ainda, dados acerca do numero de Medidas Provisorias editadas e da area de sua incidencia, por anos e governos. (Novos Estud CEBRAP/DÜI)

In this paper, we systematically analyze decisions made by the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal from 1996 to 2006 in amparo cases, which significantly impact individual rights. We ask the following question: in these types of cases, what conditions led the Tribunal to assert itself against the executive? Through an analysis of Tribunal decisions during the presidencies of Alberto Fujimori and Alejandro Toledo, we find that the Tribunal is more likely to rule against the executive, as the public's confidence in the executive decreases and as the share of congressional seats of the president's party declines. Further, the Tribunal is more willing to decide cases against the executive in areas that most pervade its docket, specifically in the areas of pensions and employment. These findings add to the comparative and American judicial politics literature by showing that high courts, even relatively weak ones, follow politics, but that case subject area and prevalence may temper this tendency. (GIGA)

Der Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit den Thesen einer kürzlich in Moskau erschienenen Monographie zur öffentlich-rechtlichen Regulierung des Staatsdienstes auseinander. Im Gegensatz zu dem Verfasser dieser Monographie hält der Autor des Beitrags eine Depolitisierung des russischen Staatsdienstes für ausgeschlossen. (BIOst-Mrk)